Beginning in 1968, coincident with the election of Pierre Trudeau, our elites adopted contemporary left-leaning economic and social policies. Federal government spending mushroomed from 16 percent of the economy in 1967 to 25 percent of a much larger economy by 1984 when Trudeau Sr. left office – a vast increase in dollar terms. The spirit of the times favoured enthusiastic expansion of government agencies, provincial and municipal governments, resulting in a Canadian public sector comprising almost 50 percent of the economy. The programs implemented and institutions created during those years are too numerous to mention, which itself makes the point. A robust civil society and private-sector economy were being supplanted by an expanding state.
All came to a head in the 1990s. Canada’s debt to GDP ratio was approaching 72 percent and, in 1995, the Wall Street Journal called us “an honorary Third World country”. After two credit rating downgrades, and with prodding from the decidedly non-Laurentian Reform Party, the Liberals acted.