Originally Posted by
kertejud2
How we count cities varies greatly, particularly between Canada and the US and the rest of the world.
There isn't a borough of New York City, NYC is made up of five boroughs (Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, The Bronx, and Staten Island). When you say NYC has 8-9 people you are actually talking only about New York City. Metro New York isn't really a thing people refer to (Once you get past Brooklyn you have 'Long Islanders' and once you cross under the river you're definitely in New Jersey, even though there are authorities that deal with the interactions of all of them).
Compared to say, Toronto, it was amalgamated from five cities (Old Toronto, Etobicoke, York, North York, East York, and Scarborough) but that only has less than 3M people. Before the amalgamation 'Toronto' was effectively used to describe the GTA (which has 6M people). This is an area where the York Region no longer has any places named York in it, where there are cities and counties that are in the GTA but not in the Toronto CMA (and vice-versa). The GTA isn't a governing body or corporate entity, but there really isn't much of a question that Toronto and the GTA are more connected than any other CMA is in the Canadian mindset.
Then there's Montreal which had all its boroughs amalgamated, but not really because some just wanted to be enclaves so you have areas like Westmount operating autonomously from the city that completely surrounds it.
Then you have Vancouver where the MVRD is an actual corporate entity that oversees some services and industries officially bringing together a whole bunch of municipalities/counties/regions, etc. under an official banner in a way the GTA isn't. But all the entities in the MVRD still operate separately as there was no amalgamation and there is more perceived separation from Langley and West Vancouver even though they have a governing body that officially connects them in a way that Toronto and even Markham don't have. I'd figure that without clarifying how much (or little) of 'Vancouver' you're talking about, 'Vancouver proper, the North Shore, Burnaby, and New Westminster would constitute a pretty colloquial area of "Vancouver" IMO.