https://youtu.be/EMnT1gCYjP8
Just in case hearing it from me isn't good enough, here is Wyatt Knox explaining it in nice laymen terms. Considering he helps run the #1 rally school where many drivers getting started learn their skills (Subaru Rally Team USA sends everyone there to start their careers, Bucky Lasek, Dave Mirra, Ken Block, Travis Pastrana all went there).
Is it a high quality, perfectly produced video that'll grab your attention? Nope, its for people to actually learn something.
If you actually want to really learn about it, read up on active differentials in the WRC, they do a lot more than simply lock the center diff under braking. And the reason for that? Because it helps with control and stopping power of the vehicle.
Finally, one thing Wyatt does not cover is that using an engine is superior in terms of braking due to the forces involved with the engine and drivetrain rotating. This rotation helps prevent SOME lockup.
On loose/slick surfaces, PARTIAL LOCKUP IS THE QUICKEST WAY TO SLOW DOWN. There is a difference between friction and mechanical traction (mechanical traction is insanely complicated due to the variables at play). Rotational braking forces are the easiest to modulate in allowing a tire to slip, while continuing to rotate, allowing continued used of both the friction force generated by the tire and the mechanical traction of the tire.
With friction braking, the problem is that once a wheel experiences lockup, you actually have to reduce braking force BELOW the nominal traction point of the tire. If you've taken basic physics, you know a sliding object has less grip than a stationary/rotating object. The same goes for the brake pads, to get them to allow the wheel to start moving again, you need less brake pressure then what you would use at the threshold of lockup.
So in short, 4wd/awd does help you stop better. There is no debate on this. On pure, clean, nice warm asphalt, the effects are largely mitigated, but on anything deviating from perfect, awd/4wd does help.